------ GOC 2.0 ------
Gestão de Ovinos e Caprinos
Copyright (C) 2007 Fábio F. A. Santos
·
Erros no programa, duvidas, sugestões, criticas, etc.
GOC -
A Ideia.
A ideia de criar um programa para ajudar na gestão dos ovinos e caprinos nasceu naturalmente do facto de eu (o criador) ser estudante de engenharia na área da informática e dos meus pais serem criadores de ovinos e caprinos. Das necessidades que surgem de ter de conseguir gerir a informação de cada um de varias centenas de animais assim como de conseguir certo tipo de informação para os rebanhos no seu todo. No nosso caso precisava-mos principalmente de:
-Saber a idade de cada animal para poder ter uma ideia do envelhecimento do rebanho e da produtividade do mesmo por faixa etária assim como para verificar a necessidade de substituição.
-Saber quantos e quais animais é que tiveram determinado tipo de doenças e a forma como as mesmas afectam a produtividade desses animais.
-Saber com exactidão quais os animais paridos e há quanto tempo ocorreu a parição para poder projectar novas parições para a altura pretendida, assim como para detectar casos de infertilidade.
-Por fim como temos a nossa área de pastagem dividida em muitos terrenos pequenos (1 ou 2 hectares) temos sempre o rebanho muito dividido pelo que o programa ajuda a saber quantos e quis são os animais que estão em determinado terreno.
A nossa produção é principalmente baseada na produção de cabritos e borregos pelo que o GOC não está direccionado para animais de leite embora também possa ser uma ferramenta bastante útil nesse caso. Alem do mais, todos os utilizadores estão convidados a dar ideias para novas funcionalidades que me podem enviar para o mail fabio_f_a_santos@yahoo.fr
Já tínhamos estudado vários programas existentes no mercado mas os mesmos, alem de serem bastante caros, também eram bastante complexos e faziam tudo menos o que realmente precisávamos que fizessem.
Assim, nos tempos livres pus mãos há obra e nasceu uma primeira versão do programa GOC 1.0 bastante incompleta e ineficiente mas que foi de grande utilidade para que eu pudesse perceber o que realmente interessa que um programa para o nosso caso faça. Verificados esses pontos nasceu a presente versão GOC 2.0 que até que surjam novas necessidades se mostra a solução ideal.
Fazendo deste programa um software livre pretendo apenas que o mesmo possa ser útil a mais alguém. Dando assim um pequeno contributo tecnológico ao nosso sector agrícola que tanto precisa de se modernizar.
·
Visualizar/modificar/apagar um animal.
o
Inserir.
o
Alterar.
o
Apagar.
·
Transferências (entre terrenos).
·
Parições
· Dicas e perguntas frequentes.
Para começar a utilizar o GOC 2.0 deve estrair o conteúdo do ficheiro zip contendo o programa numa pasta á sua escolha. Seguidamente poderá criar um atalho para o programa GOC_2.0.exe, outro para o ficheiro das listagens GOC_LISTA.txt e mais um para o ficheiro de ajuda AJUDA_GOC.htm e colocar estes três atalhos no ambiente de trabalho de forma a facilitar o acesso.
ATENÇÃO: O programa deve correr sempre na directoria onde está e nenhum dos ficheiros ou pastas que vêem com ele deve ser apagados ou modificados sob pena de este não funcionar correctamente.
Ao entrar no programa verificará que corre sobre uma janela MSDOS, pois bem, enquanto eu não tiver mais experiência não vou poder criar um GOC com janelas. Contudo não é tão mau como parece, como o sistema de navegação é baseado em menus de opções a utilização é simples. Pode começar por formatar a janela mudando a cor do fundo e do texto ao seu gosto. Para um perfeito funcionamento do programa deve fixar as dimensões da janela em 80 caracteres por 35 linhas. Pode efectuar estas operações clicando com o botão direito do rato sobre a barra azul da janela escolher a opção propriedades e depois fazer as alterações referidas tal como mostram as imagens abaixo.
Para alterar as dimensões para 8 x 35.
Para alterar as cores.
Quando este quadro aparecer escolha a opção “Modificar o atalho que iniciou esta janela” para que as alterações fiquem gravadas.
Está agora pronto para começar a utilizar o GOC 2.0. O programa já vem com alguns animais, terrenos e small infos inseridos a titulo de exemplo. Se não quiser apaga-los um a um pode entrar na sub-pasta “ARQUIVO” com o programa desligado, e eliminar os ficheiros “animais.goc”, “small-infos.goc” e “terrenos.goc”. Quando o voltar a ligar o programa este criará novos ficheiros para os novos dados.
ATENÇÃO: Esta deve ser a única ocasião em que mexe no conteúdo da pasta “ARQUIVO”. Mexer-lhe depois de ter carregado animais a sério poderá fazer com que se perca toda a informação.
Agora basta dar uma vista de olhos nas instruções e começar a carregar animais!
ATENÇÃO: Nunca utilize a o rato para fechar a janela do programa. Para terminar o programa deve escolher-se a opção sair, caso contrario corre-se o risco de perder as alterações efectuadas. Durante longas sessões de trabalho convém salvar trabalho regulamente escolhendo a opção “SAVE” do menu principal.
De cada animal é armazenada a seguinte informação:
· Código do brinco;
· Numero de casa;
· Nome;
· Data de nascimento;
· Sexo;
· Terreno;
· Small-Info;
· Data e numero de crias da primeira e da segunda parição;
Para inserir um animal basta entrar no programa e logo no menu principal escolher a opção “INSERIR ANIMAL”. Por motivos de rapidez e simplicidade na inserção não são pedidos todos os campos. Assim ao inserir o animal apenas é necessário inserir o numero do brinco e/ou o numero de casa, a data de nascimento e o terreno. De inicio todos os animais são tomados como fêmeas, como normalmente não há muitos machos, nesses casos basta depois procurar o animal em causa e alterar o sexo. De igual forma se procederá para posteriormente alterar a small-info, as datas de parição e o nome.
Visualizar/modificar/apagar um animal.
A única maneira de aceder aos dados de um animal específico é procura-lo. Para isso utiliza-se a opção “PROCURAR ANIMAL” do menu principal. Temos as hipóteses de procurar por nome, por número de casa ou por código do brinco. Se o animal for encontrado é imprimida uma descrição do mesmo e são apresentadas as hipóteses de alterar cada um dos campos ou de apagar o animal.
A descrição do animal apresenta-se da seguinte forma:
###########################################################################
“CODIGO DO BRINCO” | Nº DE CASA | TERRENO | SMALL-INFO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SEXO| DATA DE NASCIMENTO | * | ** | NOME
###########################################################################
* NUMERO DE CRIAS -> DATA DA PRIMEIRA PARIÇÃO
** NUMERO DE CRIAS -> DATA DA SEGUNDA PARIÇÃO
Terrenos e small-infos.
Ora bem, um terreno, toda a gente sabe o que é pelo que me dispenso de o explicar.
Uma “small-info” é uma pequena etiqueta de 25 caracteres que se poderá usar para criar grupos de animais ou para os assinalar por terem tido alguma doença ou alguma característica especial, etç. Por exemplo para os meus animais eu uso small-infos como: “NUNCA PARIU”, “TEVE MAMITE”, “ABORTOU”, etc.
As small-infos e os terrenos tem um funcionamento semelhante o qual passo a explicar.
Podemos inserir no programa até 40 small-infos e 40 terrenos diferentes.
Para inserir um terreno ou small-info basta no menu principal escolher a opção TERRENOS E SMALL-INFOS e no sub-menu seguinte escolher a opção “INSERIR TERRENO” ou “INSERIR SMALL-INFO” conforme o caso.
Para alterar um terreno ou small-info basta no menu principal escolher a opção TERRENOS E SMALL-INFOS e no sub-menu seguinte escolher a opção “ALTERAR TERRENO” ou “ALTERAR SMALL-INFO” conforme o caso.
ATENÇÃO: Entende-se por alterar um terreno ou small-info, alterar o nome de algo que é a mesma coisa. Quero com isto dizer que se eu tiver por exemplo um terreno com o nome “CASAIS” e o alterar para “CASAIS DE BAIXO” todos os animais que estavam no primeiro, passam a estar no segundo.
Para apagar um terreno ou small-info basta no menu principal escolher a opção TERRENOS E SMALL-INFOS e no sub-menu seguinte escolher a opção “APAGAR TERRENO” ou “APAGAR SMALL-INFO” conforme o caso.
Todos os animais que estiverem no terreno ou com a smal-info apagados ficam como “<sem terreno>” ou “<sem small-info>” respectivamente.
Para ver a ocupação (o numero de animais) em cada terreno ou em cada small-info basta no menu principal escolher a opção TERRENOS E SMALL-INFOS e no sub-menu seguinte escolher a opção “OCUPACAO TERRENO” ou “OCUPACAO SMALL-INFO” conforme o caso. É apresentada uma lista com todos os elementos e o número de animais em cada um.
Transferências (entre terrenos).
As transferências entre terrenos servem para quando se quer alterar o terreno em que estão vários animais. Assim em vez de alterar o terreno animal por animal pode-se alterar vários de uma vez.
Por vezes há a necessidade de dividir os animais de um terreno por vários outros por isso, assim que se entra na área de transferências é iniciada a mostra sequencial, animal a animal, do terreno de origem por ordem do numero de casa e são dadas as opções de transferir ou não aquele animal, de já não transferir mais ou de os transferir todos.
Para aceder ás transferências basta, no menu principal escolher a opção “TRANSFERENCIAS”, depois inserir o código do terreno de origem e o código do terreno de destino.
As listagens são o “ponto forte” do GOC 2.0 e no meu caso as funções que mais uso.
É possível criar todo um leque de listagens diferentes as quais passo a descrever na mesma hierarquia com que as podemos encontrar navegando nos menus do programa. Para aceder as listagens basta, no menu principal escolher a opção “LISTAGENS”.
TODAS – Lista de todos os animais.
· POR NUMERO DE BRINCO – Ordenadas por ordem alfabética (pois o código tem letras!) do código do brinco.
· POR NUMERO DE CASA – Ordenadas por ordem crescente do numero de casa.
· POR DATA DE NASCIMENTO – Ordenadas por ordem decrescente de idades, da mais velha para a mais nova.
· POR PARIÇÃO – Ordenadas da que pariu primeiro para a que pariu em ultimo. As que ainda não pariram ficam em ultimo lugar. É criada uma sub-lista com as que pariram duas vezes ordenadas também por data da segunda parição.
PARIDAS – Lista apenas os animais já paridos. É sempre uma sub-lista com as que pariram duas vezes.
· POR DATA DE PARIÇÃO – Ordenadas pelas datas das parições.
· POR NUMERO DE CASA – Ordenadas por ordem crescente do numero de casa.
· DO TERRENO… - Lista apenas os animais parido de um determinado terreno ordenados por data de parição.
· COM A SMALL-INFO – Lista apenas os animais paridos com uma determinada small-info ordenados por data de parição.
TERRENO – Lista apenas os animais de um determinado terreno.
· POR NUMERO DE CASA – Ordenados por numero de casa.
· POR IDADE – Ordenados por idade.
· POR DATA DE PARIÇÃO – Ordenadas por data de parição.
· COM A SMALL INFO – Animais de um determinado terreno e simultaneamente com uma determinada small-info.
SMALL-INFO – Lista apenas os animais com uma determinada small-info.
· POR NUMERO DE CASA – Ordenados por numero de casa.
· POR IDADE – Ordenados por idade.
· POR DATA DE PARIÇÃO – Ordenadas por data de parição.
· NO TERRENO – Animais de um determinado terreno e simultaneamente com uma determinada small-info.
MACHOS – Cria uma lista com todos os machos ordenados por data de nascimento.
Todas as listagens são criadas no ficheiro GOC_LISTA.txt que é reescrito sempre que é criada uma nova listagem. Este ficheiro encontra-se na mesma directoria que o programa.
Quanto as parições consideramos que apenas têm interesse as de cada ano. Assim quando se alteram as datas de parição não é necessário insseriro o ano pois o sistema coloca automaticamente o ano actual. Não são admitidas parições com intervalo entre si de menos de 145 dias que corresponde ao tempo de gestação dos ovinos e dos caprinos. No inicio de cada ano podem-se apagar todas as datas de parição do ano anterior utilizando a opção “RESET PARICOES” que se encontra logo no menu principal.
Como salvaguardar os dados em cd ou diskete etç?
A forma mais eficaz de o conseguir é copiar a pasta que contem o programa para um cd, disquete ou pen-drive, etc. Inclusive se se utilizar um suporte de leitura e escrita como uma pen-drive até se pode correr o GOC 2.0 a partir dai, aumentando assim a mobilidade de pc para pc.
Se não quiser copiar toda a pasta poderá copiar apenas a pasta arquivo que contem a informação do rebanho.
Como utilizar o GOC 2.0 com ovinos e caprinos separadamente, ou mesmo
vários rebanhos separados do mesmo tipo de animais?
Como o GOC 2.0 é um programa muito simples, pode criar quantas copias quiser e até pode renomear o ficheiro executável. Fazendo varias copias da directoria de trabalho do GOC 2.0 pode por exemplo ter um GOC 2.0 para caprinos outro para ovinos de carne e outro para ovinos de leite.
Como posso saber quantos animais tenho num terreno ou com determinada small-info?
A maneira mais fácil é: no menu principal escolher “TERRENOS E SMALL-INFOS” e no sub-menu escolher “OCUPACAO TERRENOS” ou “OCUPACAO SMALL-INFOS”, obterá assim uma lista rápida que lhe indica o numero de animais em cada terreno ou com cada small-info.
Se pretender algo mais elaborado poderá sempre criar uma listagem da small-info ou do terreno em causa.
Como posso saber quais são os animais mais velhos?
Pode criar
uma listagem de todos os animais por ordem de data de nascimento. Como
estão ordenados é fácil saber quais os mais velhos (são os que aparecem no
inicio!).
Quantas crias já tive este ano?
Crie uma listagem com todos os animais e no final da listagem encontrará uma série de informações adicionais em que uma é o número de crias da primeira parição e outra o numero de crias da segunda parição, assim, basta somar!
Quais os animais que não pariram?
Crie uma listagem de todos os animais, por ordem de data de parição. Os animais que não pariram ficam todos concentrados no final da listagem.
Porque é que o GOC 2.0 põe sempre dia 15 na data de nascimento dos
animais?
Por uma questão de simplicidade, como sabemos que o dia especifico em que o animal nasceu não é uma informação muito importante, apenas consideramos o mês e o ano. 15 é colocado automaticamente pelo sistema, admite-se que o animal nasceu a meio do mês.
No caso de ser encontrado algum erro no programa, de surgir alguma divida, de terem alguma sugestão de melhoramento, alguma critica ou até mesmo algum elogio, estou sempre disponível em fábio_f_a_santos@yahoo.fr.
Agradeço o vosso contacto seja por que motivo for!
Licença
de utilização GNU_GPL.
Este programa é um programa de software livre sendo assim é distribuído sob a licença GNU General Public Licence da Free Software Foundation.
Não dispensando a leitura do original, esta licença concede ao utilizador o exercício livre, dos quatro direitos seguintes:
1. O direito de executar o programa, para qualquer finalidade.
2. O direito de estudar como o programa funciona e adaptá-lo para as suas necessidades.
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4. O direito de aperfeiçoar o programa, e distribuir suas melhorias para o público, beneficiando assim toda a comunidade.
O utilizador poderá exercer os direitos acima especificados contanto que cumpra com os requisitos expressos nesta Licença. Os principais requisitos são:
1. O utilizador deve publicar de forma ostensiva e adequada, em cada cópia, um aviso dos direitos de autor (ou "copyright") e uma notificação sobre a exoneração de garantia. Além disso, deve manter intactas todas as informações, avisos e notificações referentes à Licença e à ausência de qualquer garantia. O utilizador deve também fornecer a qualquer outra pessoa que receba este Programa uma cópia desta Licença em conjunto com o Programa. Qualquer tradução da GNU General Public License deverá estar acompanhada da GNU General Public License (original em inglês).
2. Se alterar ou transformar a obra, ou desenvolver outra obra baseada nela, poderá distribuir o trabalho resultante desde que sob uma licença idêntica a esta. Qualquer tradução da GNU General Public License deverá estar acompanhada da GNU General Public License (original em inglês).
3. Se copiar ou distribuir a obra, deve incluir junto com ela o seu código-fonte correspondente completo, passível de leitura pela máquina, ou incluir uma oferta por escrito a fornecer o código-fonte, válida por pelo menos 3 anos.
A versão original em inglês.
Também disponível em http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
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compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a
covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You
may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and
5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source
under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
·
a)
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a
physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on
a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
·
b)
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a
physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at
least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer
support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code
either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your
reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2)
access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
·
c)
Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to
provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally
and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer,
in accord with subsection 6b.
·
d)
Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or
for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the
same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require
recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the
place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may
be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to
the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of
what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that
it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
·
e)
Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform
other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are
being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
A
separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the
Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the
object code work.
A
“User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible
personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household
purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling.
In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be
resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a
particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that
class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use,
the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product
has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses
represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
“Installation
Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization
keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of
a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its
Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued
functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered
with solely because modification has been made.
If
you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically
for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction
in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to
the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the
transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this
section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this
requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the
ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the
work has been installed in ROM).
The
requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement
to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that
has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in
which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when
the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the
network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
network.
Corresponding
Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this
section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an
implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no
special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional
permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making
exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are
applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included
in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If
additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used
separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When
you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any
additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional
permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when
you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added
by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright
permission.
Notwithstanding
any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work,
you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement
the terms of this License with terms:
·
a)
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of
sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
·
b)
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by
works containing it; or
·
c)
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that
modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different
from the original version; or
·
d)
Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the
material; or
·
e)
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names,
trademarks, or service marks; or
·
f)
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone
who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual
assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these
contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All
other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions”
within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any
part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along
with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a
license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or
conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed
by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction
does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If
you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in
the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to
those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional
terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately
written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either
way.
8. Termination.
You
may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under
this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent
licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However,
if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular
copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the
copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b)
permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by
some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover,
your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if
the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means,
this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License
(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to
30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination
of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties
who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights
have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to
receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You
are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of
the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a
consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does
not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you
permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe
copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or
propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do
so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream
Recipients.
Each
time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license
from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to
this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties
with this License.
An
“entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization,
or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging
organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity
transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work
also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest
had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of
the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the
predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You
may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted
or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee,
royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and
you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a
lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling,
offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A
“contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the
Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is
called the contributor's “contributor version”.
A
contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or
controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired,
that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making,
using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would
be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor
version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this
License.
Each
contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license
under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for
sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its
contributor version.
In
the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or
commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express
permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent
infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such
an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If
you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of
charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network
server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the
Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of
the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in
a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual
knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in
a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would
infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason
to believe are valid.
If,
pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you
convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a
patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing
them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work,
then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients
of the covered work and works based on it.
A
patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of
its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise
of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License.
You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a
third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you
make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of
conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or
copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with
specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you
entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28
March 2007.
Nothing
in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license
or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under
applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the
conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to
satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example,
if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further
conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from
conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public
License.
Notwithstanding
any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any
covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General
Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work.
The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the
covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public
License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The
Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU
General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems
or concerns.
Each
version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that
a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later
version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number
of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by
the Free Software Foundation.
If
the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU
General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance
of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later
license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no
additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a
result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE
IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN
NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE
PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If
the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be
given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply
local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil
liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of
liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END
OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If
you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use
to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To
do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them
to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of
warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer
to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to
contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal
interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an
interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w'
and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.
Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you
would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer
(if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright
disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and
how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does
not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your
program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit
linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to
do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.